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There have been many literary and dramatic works based on Gaston Leroux's novel ''The Phantom of the Opera,'' ranging from stage musicals to films to children's books. Some well known stage and screen adaptations of the novel are the 1925 film and the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical (see ''The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)''); Susan Kay's 1990 ''Phantom'' is one of the best known novels and includes in-depth study of the title character's life and experiences. ==Film== *''Das Gespenst im Opernhaus'' or ''Das Phantom der Oper'' (1916): Featuring the Swedish actor Nils Olaf Chrisander (1884–1947) and the Norwegian actress Aud Egede-Nissen (1893–1974, aka Aud Egede Richter). Now a lost film and is only believed to have existed because of references in other media. *''The Phantom of the Opera'' (1925): Featuring Lon Chaney, Sr. and Mary Philbin. For this classic silent film Universal Studios created a faithful replica of the Paris Opera House as a setting. The film was reissued in 1929 with sound effects, music and some reshot dialogue sequences (but none with Chaney). The scene in which Erik plays the organ and Christine creeps up behind him to snatch his mask off is often cited by critics and connoisseurs of film art as one of the most memorable moments in the history of film. The make up of Lon Chaney was so surprisingly disfiguring that the camera operator actually lost focus while shooting the sequence. Indeed, theaters were urged to have smelling salts on hand in case ladies in the audience fainted in horror. *''Spooks'' (1930): An Oswald the Lucky Rabbit cartoon. *''Song at Midnight'' (Chinese: 夜半歌聲 ''Ye ban ge sheng'') (1937): Featuring Gu Menghe and Hu Ping, directed by Ma-Xu Weibang. *''Phantom of the Opera'' (1943): Featuring Claude Rains as the Phantom and the singer Susanna Foster as Christine. This film reused the same Paris Opera studio set as the original silent film and once again features the spectacular scene in which the Phantom causes the chandelier to crash down on the heads of the audience. In this version, however, horror is mostly downplayed in favour of grand operatic spectacle. The Phantom's animus was caused by the credit for his musical compositions being stolen by the opera's conductor. The Phantom's facial disfigurement is caused by him having acid thrown in his face rather than him being born disfigured as in Leroux's original story. This accidental disfigurement became part of the Phantom legend, and was copied in later film versions. *''El Fantasma de la Opereta'' (1954): Featuring Gogó Andreu and Tono Andreu. Bears no similarity to the Leroux novel sans the title. *''El Fantasma de la Opereta'' (1959): Featuring German Valdés (''Tin Tan'') and Pedro de Aguillon. *''Phantom of the Horse Opera'' (1961): A Woody Woodpecker cartoon. *''The Phantom of the Opera'' (1962): Hammer Horror version featuring Herbert Lom and Heather Sears. This version has the Phantom playing the ''Toccata and Fugue in D Minor'' by Johann Sebastian Bach on the organ - which has become a cultural trope indicating tragic horror. The plot is very similar to the 1943 Claude Rains version, with the Phantom being prodded into activity because his own masterpiece, an opera about Joan of Arc, is being mounted in that opera house and credited to the opera's conductor. *''The Mid-Nightmare, Part One'' (1962) and ''Part Two'' (1963) (Chinese: 夜半歌声-上集 ''Ye ban ge sheng - shang ji'' and 下集 ''xia ji''): Remake of the 1937 Chinese film, this time featuring Zhao Lei and Betty Loh Ti. *''Il Vampiro dell'Opera'' or ''The Monster or the Opera'' (1964): Featuring Giuseppe Addobbati. *''Wicked, Wicked'' (1973): Writer/director Richard L. Bare's split-screen horror-comedy which recycles the plot and utilizes a score composed for the 1925 film. *''Phantom of the Paradise'' (1974): Also called ''The Phantom of the Fillmore''; a rock musical directed by Brian De Palma. *''The Phantom of the Opera'' (1983 TV film): Featuring Maximilian Schell and Jane Seymour. *''The Phantom of the Opera'' (1987): Featuring Aiden Grennell: Animated film that is mostly faithful to the original story. *''The Phantom of the Opera'' (1989): Directed by Dwight H. Little, featuring Robert Englund and Jill Schoelen. This is a rather sadistic and gory version of the story, though in this respect it resembles the original novel more than some more romantic versions. There is a Faustian motif throughout and the film features extracts from Gounod's opera Faust - as in the original novel. In this version, the Phantom was a handsome young man who sold his soul to the Devil in return for being loved for his music - his disfigurement is the Devil's way of making sure he is loved for no other reason. An additional innovation is that, instead of putting on masks, the Phanton stitches his disguises with thread and needle into his skin. *''Phantom of the Mall: Eric's Revenge'' (1989): Featuring Derek Rydall. *''The Phantom of the Opera'' (1991): Featuring David Staller and Elizabeth Walsh. *''O Fantasma da Ópera'' (1991): Featuring Geiso Amadeu. *''The Chipmunks - Phantom Of The Rock Opera'' (1991) *''The Phantom of the Ritz'' (1992): Featuring Joshua Sussman. *''The Phantom Lover'' (1995): A second remake of the 1937 film, by Hong Kong director Ronny Yu and featuring Leslie Cheung. Title in Chinese is the same as the other versions. *''Il Fantasma dell'Opera'' (1998): Directed by Dario Argento, featuring Julian Sands and Asia Argento, in which Julian Sands is a good-looking man whose animus comes from being abandoned as a baby and raised by the numberless rats in the subterranean levels of the opera house; he also, somehow, has developed telephathic abilities. He kills off various people who, in his opinion, spoil the wonderfulness of the opera house. * Disney released "The Phantom of the Megaplex" (2000). * A version of the character appears in the film adaptation of ''The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen'' as a terrorist named The Fantom, who is not really the Opera ghost although he uses his motif (2003). *Joel Schumacher's ''The Phantom of the Opera'' (2004): Adaptation of the Andrew Lloyd Webber and Charles Hart musical, starring Gerard Butler and Emmy Rossum. *''The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall'' (2011): Adaptation of the Andrew Lloyd Webber and Charles Hart musical, starring Ramin Karimloo and Sierra Boggess. *''A Monster in Paris'' (2011): French film very loosely based on Gaston Leroux's novel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adaptations of The Phantom of the Opera」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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